XI.+Module+25000+Vocabulary


 * XI. Module 25000 Vocabulary cli**


 * Lag measures**: the outcome measurements evaluate the past behaviors’ results.
 * Lead measures**: it is also called the performance drivers including the elements which drive the future performance.
 * Objective measures**: the “tangible” things which could be evaluated in quantities and easily to check.
 * Subjective measures**: the “intangible” things which could not be evaluated with numbers easily and always evaluated through the minds.
 * Financial measures**: the measurement evaluates something in monetary units.
 * Nonfinancial measures**: the measurement evaluates something in nonmonetary units.
 * External measures**: the measurement focuses on the customers’ satisfaction levels and the return on the investments.
 * Internal measures**: the measurement focuses on the process efficiency and the employees’ satisfaction levels.
 * Stretch targets**: The targets could lead the firms or the corporations to a new period of development for three to five years.
 * Strategy translation**: it means that to figure out the objectives, measures, targets and initiatives for the four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard in details.
 * Financial perspective**: the financial perspective sets the strategic-based long term and short term financial performance goals and points out the economic reasons of taking other three perspectives.
 * Customer perspective**: the customer perspective indicates the target customers and market segments and how to create value for customers.
 * Core objectives and measures**: The common objectives and measures are used by all the firms and corporations.
 * Customer value**: the difference between the customer receiving parts and the customer sacrificing parts.
 * Post-purchase costs**: The customers’ costs after purchasing behaviors.
 * Process value chain**: the innovation process, the operations process and the post-sales service process are the three parts of process value chain.
 * Innovation process**: Creating new products and services meets the potential needs of the customers.
 * Operations process**: Give the existing products and services to the customers.
 * Post-sales service process**: Give the after purchasing services to the customers.
 * Cycle time**: the period time between receiving time materials and getting the finished good for producing a unit of output.
 * Velocity**: in a given period of time, the amount of the units of the output is produced by the firms.
 * Learning and growth perspective**: this perspective figures out the ability of the firm or the corporation growing and improving for a long period of time.
 * Testable strategy**: A group of related goals works together to achieve to the general goal.
 * Double-loop feedback**: when the effectiveness of strategy implementation and the validity of the assumptions underlying the strategy come together, we should use this feedback.
 * Single-loop feedback**: This feedback focuses on the effectiveness of implementation.
 * Strategy map**: the graph indicates the relationship between the Balance Scorecard strategy and the firm’s operating activities.